Four Styles of Creative Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juanita Plateros Chees Daughter: Characters Environment Reveals A Gr

Juanita Platero's Chee's Daughter: Character's Environment Reveals A Great Deal About Personality A characters situation uncovers a lot about his character. In Chee's Daughter by Juanita Platero and Siyowin Miller this hypothesis is shown. In this story a youthful Navajo Indian young lady is taken from her home by her perished mother's folks. Two distinct conditions which reflect values and characters are clashing. A youthful conventional Navajo,Chee , and a non- conventional Navajo businessperson, Old Man Fat , battle about Chee's girl, Minimal One. The two particularly various settings in this story mirror the characters of the protagonist,Chee , and the opponent Old Man Fat. Â Â Â Â Â Chee's setting mirrors his mindful nature. He shows this via thinking about the la...

How to Cite a Memorial Inscription

How to Cite a Memorial Inscription (0) President’s Day is nearly here! That means it’s time to pay tribute to past American presidents. First recognized in 1879 in honor of George Washington, this annual holiday marks a perfect moment to reflect on the lives of those who came before us and their contributions to the United States of America. With President’s Day upon us, there’s no time like the present to learn how to cite a memorial inscription. From the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial, there are many famous locations across the country dedicated to the presidents who have served our nation. Below, we’ve explained how to cite a memorial inscription in MLA, APA, and Chicago style format. For each style, we’ve included a citation for one of the inscriptions on the Lincoln Memorial as an example. Need more citations? Cite over 50 different kinds of sources at www.easybib.com today! To cite the Lincoln Memorial inscription or a similar source, you should make note of the following pieces of information: Name of the author of the inscription Inscription Title (If any. A description is sometimes also acceptable.) Title or name of the monument Date for when the inscription was made/unveiled Monument location Date you viewed/accessed the inscription information MLA 8 Use the following structure to cite one of the Lincoln Memorial inscriptions in MLA format: Author Last Name, Author First Name. “Inscription Title/Description.” Monument Title, City, State, Year Inscription was Published/Unveiled. Here’s how the above example would be cited in MLA format: Cortissoz, Royal. “Epitaph of Lincoln.” The Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C., 1922. APA Use the following structure to cite an inscription on the Lincoln Memorial in APA format: Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year Inscription was Published/Unveiled). Monument Title [Description of what you’re citing]. City, State. Here’s how the above example would be cited in APA format: Cortissoz, R. (1922). The Lincoln Memorial [Inscription carving]. Washington, D.C. Chicago Use the following structure to cite an inscription on the Lincoln Memorial in Chicago style: Author Last Name, Author First Name. Inscription Title/Description, Year Inscription was Published/Unveiled. Medium. Monument Title, City, State. Date you viewed the memorial. Here’s how the above example would be cited in Chicago style: Cortissoz, Royal. Epitaph of Lincoln, 1922. Inscription carving. The Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C. Viewed December 12, 2018. We’re sure that your essay on the Lincoln Memorial is great, but it could still benefit from an EasyBib Plus grammar check. Or, if you haven’t started writing yet, it may pay to review how to do a research paper outline, what is a proper noun, or even look for stately adjectives to use in your essay.

Radio Flyer Inc. Analysis - 1097 Words

Radio Flyer, is a company that understand and recognizes that each of their employees are unique and believe that their diversity strengthen the organization . Radio Flyer values all backgrounds and embraces the similarities and differences of people, cultures and ideas Radio Flyer Inc. is devoted to offering work atmosphere for all that is friendly , reverential ,appealing, and prosperous for all ( Tovey, J. 1997) . The company embrace and support employees’ differences in age, color, disability, ethnicity, family or marital status, gender identity or expression, language, national origin, physical and mental ability, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, and other characteristics that make the employees unique.†¦show more content†¦Any employee found to have showed any unsuitable conduct or behavior against others may be subject to corrective action. workers who believe they have been victims to any form of prejudice or racism which infringe the company’s diversity policy should seek out support from their supervisor or HR. Create A Sexual Harassment Policy For Your Selected Company To Address A Sexual Harassment Complaint. Cover Both Quid Pro Quo And Hostile Work Environment Types Of Harassment In Your Policy. The purpose of Radio Flyer Inc sexual harassment policy is to classify workplace sexual harassment, exclude it in all forms, set up appropriate punitive actions in the case of infringement, and to offer actions for accommodation grievances about demeanor that violates this policy and examine sexual harassment claims. Sexual harassment is defined as unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual s work performance, or produces an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2017). According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, sexualShow MoreRelatedSituation Analysis Market Research2623 Words   |  11 PagesSituation Analysis Market Research Dirty Deeds Incorporated is a for-profit home cleaning service that was created by six entrepreneurs on July 7, 2005. In order to differentiate Dirty Deed Inc. s cleaning service from their competitors, they are implementing a risquà © alternative. Dirty Deeds Inc. will be targeting single men and women over the age of 18 in need of domestic cleaning services and desiring discreet adult entertainment. Teams of at least two men and/or women dressed in sexy lingerieRead MoreStrategic Management Case Analysis For Jetblue. Daniel’S:1482 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Management Case Analysis for JetBlue Daniel’s: Introduction Founder David Neeleman, in February 1999, announced plans for a new airline under the name NewAir. In April of the same year, NewAir places an order for 75 new A320 aircraft with Airbus Industry, and leasing arrangements for another eight aircraft. This approach was in line with other domestic airlines for low-cost air travel, but he wanted it be unique in its services. These services included in-flight entertainment, such asRead MoreConverse Inc Campaign in Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor1088 Words   |  4 PagesConverse Inc. is a designer, distributor and marketer of high-performance and casual athletic footwear and apparel for men, women and children. The Companys products primarily include athletic footwear distinguished by its sports classics, sports performance and sports lifestyle product categories. The sports classics footwear category includes the Chuck Taylor All Star, the Jack Purcell tennis shoe, the One Star court shoe and other authentic heritage products. 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R.J. took a more laid back approach and allowed business as usual at KFC. Finally, in 1986, KFC was acquired by PepsiCo, whichRead MoreThe Alltel Pavilion Case: Strategy and Cvp Analysis Essay2967 Words   |  12 PagesISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 19, No. 4 November 2004 pp. 555–561 The ALLTEL Pavilion Case: Strategy and CVP Analysis Edward Blocher and Kung H. Chen ABSTRACT: The ALLTEL Pavilion case is intended for the undergraduate management accounting or cost accounting course and the M.B.A. management accounting course. It provides an excellent context in which to examine strategic issues in using cost volume profit (CVP) in a service business. Based on an actual entertainment pavilion, the caseRead MoreTurkish Airlines3589 Words   |  15 PagesTable of contents: I. Introduction II. Company’s Background III. Company’s Memorandum IV. Strategic Analysis:  Mission, Vision and Values  Marketing strategy, Aims and Objectives  SWOT Analysis  Market Research V. Communication Campaign VI. Recommendations VII. Conclusion VIII. Learning Experience IX. Thanks X. References XI. Appendix I. Introduction: Marketing management is the act of choosing and targeting different markets and creating good relationships with them, regardingRead MoreTurkish Airlines3577 Words   |  15 PagesTable of contents: I. Introduction II. Company’s Background III. Company’s Memorandum IV. Strategic Analysis:  Mission, Vision and Values  Marketing strategy, Aims and Objectives  SWOT Analysis  Market Research V. Communication Campaign VI. Recommendations VII. Conclusion VIII. Learning Experience IX. Thanks X. References XI. Appendix I. 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Juggling A Career And Family - 843 Words

Juggling a career and family can be tedious sometimes. Whether you are the head of the household or a stay at home parent. Juggling family with anything is tedious and sometimes stressful. If you have multiple children, you have to tend to everyone’s wants and needs as well as your spouse. Do not forget about yourself. Some people forget to take care of themselves when juggling family and a career. I am going to write about different strategies to juggling a career and family at once. Distribution of household chores Growing up chores were mandatory, especially if you wanted to do something. We all have chores according to our strengths. Since I was youngest child I had to unload the dishwasher, put the dishes away, mop and sweep the kitchen. My brother was the oldest so he was in charge of cleaning the bathrooms (due to using harsh chemicals). My sister was in charge of cleaning the hallways and living rooms. My mom was very particular about how things should be done. Sometimes she would go back over whatever we did, just in case. My mom always wanted to detail the kitchen. She cleaned the oven, microwave, refrigerator, and put together my mop water. We always had to make sure our personal spaces were cleaned by the weekend in order for us to do things. My mother was a single parent, so the chores were divided between the four of us. We sometimes rotated which chores we did and of course arguments broke out. For the most part my mom put in place a very steady plan withShow MoreRelatedCareer Deve lopment Is the Responsibility of the Individual.735 Words   |  3 Pagestwo points to substantiate our stand that career development is the responsibility of the company. The two points are, individual career development is limited and career plateau. Firstly, as mentioned by my first speaker, career development is important as it trains employees to be adaptable to different kind of working environment and situations. Furthermore, as stated by Stone 2009, career development is organisation-centered. This means that career development is the company’ responsibilityRead MoreCaregiving And The Issues Surrounding Care800 Words   |  4 Pageswell researched in the fields of family sociology and gerontology. However, most of these accounts are based on the role which children play in taking care of their parents. However, little has been said about the role of grandchildren as a resource for ailing grandparents. The role grandparents play in raising grandchildren is also well researched but the reverse has not been studied significantly. According to Barusch’s thesis â€Å"caring for the frail elderly; family support, services and care management’Read MoreWhy Women Still Can t Have It All By Ann Marie Slaughter1 180 Words   |  5 PagesA woman has many decisions and sacrifices to make when balancing work and family. 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One aspect of well-being that I often struggle with is getting the necessary hours of sleep. This is mainly do to the fact that my mind wanders easily when I’m overwhelmed with the number of things I have to do. As a result, I attempt to multitaskRead MoreEssay about THE CHALLENGES COLLEGE STUDENTS FACE TODAY843 Words   |  4 Pagesclasses in order to complete their educational goals. Furthermore, rising tuition prices have left students scrambling to come up with the funds necessary to pay for their college education. Some students are having to borrow money from family and friends because loan companies wont help with last-minute rising tuition costs. In addition, others already with full-time schedules are having to apply for full-time jobs in order to off-set their tuition. Others are dropping outRead MorePsychology : Nursing And Psychology824 Words   |  4 PagesNursing and psychology Although psychology and nursing fields very differ from each other apparently. But, psychology is interlinked with nurse career. This is because nurse should get involved in the interpersonal interaction with the patient and in result this creates an environment for the care of patient. In this environment, nurse become part of a complex social psychological system which will comprise of patient, medical staff and any relatives of patient. Therefore, it is essential to be wellRead MoreThe Role of a Housewife961 Words   |  4 PagesViews on the Role of a Traditional Housewife Over the years women have tossed away the dust pans and baby monitoring, exchanging both for a career and a paycheck. Nowadays if you’re not economically contributing to the household you’re a waste of space and people begin to question what exactly you are doing to keep things running. When talking about housewives or stay at home moms, Terry Martin Hekker and Hope Edelman agree that they love being there for their children (i.e. getting their childrenRead MoreCareer Path : My Dental Aspirations And I Become A Dentist861 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered dentistry as a prospective career path. I aspired to be a dentist to not only help others and attempt to alleviate their pain, but also to show them compassion and kindness at a vulnerable time in their life. I am very fortunate to come from a supportive and loving family of hard working individuals. My parents labored long hours to be able to provide rich, educational opportunities for their children. Although I am the first college graduate in my family, the value of education has always

Business Research Method and Research Proposal Samples for Students

Question Discuss about the Business Research Method and Research Proposal. Answer: Introduction: Manufacturing companies assess their operations by making use of management accounting techniques. Accounting policies such as variance analysis, budgeting and break even analysis helps in controlling and directing operating cost, planning and achieving profitability. For success of manufacturing companies such as Adelaide Brighton Limited, management accounting practices are essential. Manufacturing sectors in Australia comprise of broad range of industries and they form a critical component of economy (Bryman and Bell 2015). Manufacturing industries in Australia have been thriving and contributing to development of economy. Compared to recent developed techniques, manufacturing companies in Australia have obtained benefits from traditional accounting practices. They intend to take more strategic focus and give emphasis on non-financial information (Merriam and Tisdell 2015). Project Objectives: Investigating and enquiring the impacts of management accounting practices on financial position and performance of manufacturing companies in Australia is the general objective of this research. Identifying the impacts of management accounting policies of financial performance of manufacturing company that is Adelaide Brighton Limited in Australia. Identifying the practices of management accounting by Australian manufacturing companies. Establishing basic impact of management and its process and management accounting. Project Scope: Scope of research is to analyze the impact of the management accounting practice on financial performance of manufacturing company. Literature review: This particular chapter provides an outlook of literature under study and comprise of determinants of manufacturing financial performance and reviewing of empirical studies done on management accounting practice along with their contribution and finding. The market value of manufacturing firms in Australia is influenced by several factors such as risk, profitability and economic growth required for future earnings of company. Analysis of management accounting information is essential for manufacturing companies in Australia such as Adelaide Brighton Limited. It would act as information providers for making decision and it is regarded as discipline move from passive role. In management accounting, the trend of shift has made a remarkable innovation (Bryman and Bell 2015). It is evident through the adoption of management accounting practices that is innovative and modern such as Just in time, activity based costing, strategic management accounting, balanced scorecard and life cycle costing. It is argued by some researcher because of new development that in the near future, relevant lost can be regained. Some of the empirical studies were done regarding management accounting practices in Australia and analysis involved exploring of some variables such as budget components, importance of tools of management accounting, costing system, product costing methods and changes that are significant to costing system. It is revealed from findings done empirically that Australian manufacturing companies placed importance on tools of cost control such as variance analysis, budgeting and standard costing (Zikmundet al. 2013). Research question and Hypothesis: Conducting research is associated with for research questions and they are as follows: What are the roles that management accounting practice splay in the management of Adelaide Brighton limited? Is there any positive relationship between use of management accounting practice and the financial performance of Adelaide Brighton limited? What are different factors considered that affects the se of management accounting practices by manufacturing firms in Australia? Does management accounting practice plays any role in management of manufacturing companies? Research hypothesis: In order to make the recommendation for use and implication of management accounting practices in manufacturing companies in Australia, following hypothesis are required to be set. Null Hypothesis (H01)-There is no significant relationship that exist between the level of using management accounting practices and financial performance of manufacturing company such as Adelaide Brighton limited. Alternative hypothesis (H1)- There exist a vital relationship between management accounting practice and financial performance of manufacturing company such as Adelaide Brighton limited. Null Hypothesis (H02)- There does not exist any significant relationship between the importance of management accounting practice and awareness of finance managers of Brighton limited in adopting these practices. Alternative hypothesis (H2)- There exist any significant relationship between the importance of management accounting practice and awareness of finance managers of Brighton limited in adopting these practices. Operational measurements and definitions: In order to avoid any complication with the technique of research adopted, the scope of data collection is limited by limiting the number of respondents to 48 manufacturing companies in Australia. Some of the statistical techniques were used for measuring different types of responses. Analysis of data was done with different statistical tools that allows the researcher to make the presentation of information in the form of figures and tables. Research design and methodologies: Data collection and analysis The methodology of research is outlined in this chapter and it comprise of sample, research design, data analysis and data collection. Population of study consist of manufacturing companies that are listed on Australian stock exchange. Research design: A descriptive survey design was adopted under this study. Adopting research design is considered to be appropriate where the objective of study is to certain group characteristics, making certain proportion of people making certain prediction and having some characteristics. Conducting research is required to make data collection at one point in time from the listed manufacturing companies sin Australia. It is required to ascertain the impact of management accounting practices on the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Australia. Population: Manufacturing companies about which information is desired comprise of target population. Population is regarded as set of elements, services, people about which the investigation is being done. There is population studies named census that has equal chances of being selected in the final sample and hence it is called representative. The target population of this study comprise of 400 manufacturing companies in Australia. Sample design: For arriving at the sample size, it is required to use the sampling method of stratified random sampling method. Manufacturing companies in Australia are regarded as heterogeneous and this is indicative of the fact that making use of simple random sampling will not be representative. It is considered that at least 12% of target population is considered essential for carrying out study. Therefore, study make use of 48 manufacturing companies in Australia. Collection of data: In carrying out research work, collection of primary data is made from the respondents. Collection of data was done both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data is represented by means of description of natural language and is not categorized and expressed in numbers. For collecting quantitative data, the current study undertook interview by preparing several questionnaire. In the current study, there are two sections of the designed questionnaire. The first section includes different questions on the relationship between management accounting practice and financial position and performance of manufacturing companies in Australia. The second section comprised of operational and demographic characteristics for identifying fundamental issues and the respondents demographic characteristics. PublishedAnnual report of manufacturing companies of Australia was used for obtaining secondary data or information. Expected Outcome: The result of research would be able to signify the strength of relationship between the financial performance and the management accounting proactive of manufacturing company that is Adelaide Brighton limited. It will also be able to depict the awareness of finance managers in adopting the suitable accounting practices that would have considerable impact on companies. Data analysis: Analysis of data is the procedure of structuring, giving meaning and bringing order to the mass of information that have been collected. Researcher was able to present information in the form of figures and tables by applying a mixed method approach and analyzing the data through statistical tool such as Statistical package for social science. The hypothesis and analysis of data have also been done by descriptive statistical analysis such as standard deviation and mean. The association and level of relationship between the level of adopting initiatives of accounting practice and awareness of importance of suing the initiatives is done by using simple regression analysis. Testing of hypothesis is done by using several statistical tests. Research Limitation: There are various research problems faced by researcher while conducting research. This include time crunch and financial resources limitations. Researcher are not able to perform in depth analysis of the facts due to time constraint. Time schedule: Activity Jan-17 March-17 April-17 May-17 June-17 July-17 August-17 Sept-17 Week commencing Monday 12 22 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 Refine topic with supervisor Draft and submit proposal form Create work schedule Get informal approval for interviews Outline literature review Set up a filing system Create survey questions Refine survey with supervisor Ethical Approval Obtain formal approval from DCC Return ethics forms to supervisor Read methodology literature Write introduction chapter Pilot test methodology Revise methodology and write the chapter Schedule data collection Begin collecting data Collect secondary data Write literature review chapter Input data into computer Carry out Focus Group Write data analysis chapter Write conclusions and recommendations chapter Write personal reflection chapter Draft Submission Make any adjustments as necessary Final Submission Keep in touch with supervisor Holiday Conclusion, Summary and Findings interpretations: Different types of findings has been depicted with detailed analysis and several research questions have been interpreted by applying different techniques. It is concluded by the study that the most highly used management accounting practice used by manufacturing company, Adelaide Brighton Limited in Australia is informed decision-making practices. Some of the most important management accounting element of Adelaide Brighton limited is that there are certain factor of management accounting practice that would affect performance of company. It has also been depicted that application of practices of management accounting has increased return on equity and return on investment. The respondents have agreed with the existence of relationship between financial performance and practice of management accounting. For hypothesis regarding finance managers, awareness and application of practice seemed to depict that exist partial relationship between two. It is recommended that finance managers of Adelaide Brighton limited should enhance their awareness of informed decision-making practice relating management accounting practice. In order to achieve a proper financial measure, it is required by Adelaide Brighton Limited to integrate some of the factors in measure of accounting such as earning per share, return on equities and assets. In addition to this, it is also required by company to use value-based measures. Practitioners and academics for understanding the practices of management accounting for improving the companys performance can use findings of study. References Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015.Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014.Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Merriam, S.B. and Tisdell, E.J., 2015.Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Myers, M.D., 2013.Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Neelankavil, J.P., 2015.International business research. Routledge. O'Leary, Z., 2013.The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage. Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016.Real world research. John Wiley Sons. Saunders, M.N. and Lewis, P., 2014.Doing research in business and management: An essential guide to planning your project. Pearson Higher Ed. Smith, M., 2014.Research methods in accounting. Sage. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning. Research Limitation:

What Beauty Means to Me Essay Example

What Beauty Means to Me Essay People today base too much emphasis on looks. If someone doesn’t fit the criteria for what we believe should be the â€Å"perfect† man or woman then they are not fully accepted. Appearances can very easily help someone get a job, out of a ticket, special treatment at restaurants, and many more things. A lot of people have mistaken beauty for what is accepted by the â€Å"celebrity† world. For many women what society sees as acceptable and pleasing influences their everyday lives. So many women result to changing how they look through surgery and other procedures. If our society as a whole could change how they view woman and what is socially acceptable I think many woman would be healthier, happier, and overall better. Our media for the most part has an extreme affect on how women look at themselves. In magazines, television, and books there is always the images or words referring to the â€Å"perfect† woman. The â€Å"perfect† woman in today’s society is thin and has no flaws; she probably has a plastic, Barbie doll face, and the perfect measurements. It seems that if you don’t fit these criteria you aren’t as easily accepted as someone who does. When it comes to a new job, a woman may be rejected because of a â€Å"better† looking woman who may not even have the qualifications as the other woman. Personally, I have seen this first-hand. My current workplace is searching for a new manager. They refuse to hire a single man or even one who is very good-looking because they are afraid that they will mix business with pleasure. In the past they have had a couple different managers who have dated or had sexual contact with their employees. Once incident even included breaking up a marriage that brought some unnecessary negativity in the restaurant. So to avoid all of this they opted to hire a married man who has is not quite as attractive and seems to be very loyal to his wife, being married for twelve years. So many women today are changing how they look to more socially accepted. Bigger breasts, smaller noses, flatter stomachs, and many other things. Paglia states in her essay, â€Å"Good surgery discovers and reveals personality; ad surgery obscures or distorts it. † This has been proven to be very true. There are a few celebrities out there with good plastic surgery, for example, Ashlee Simpson. Simpson had a nose job which turned out to define her face better making her appear happier with herself. Then there is bad surgery, like Tara Reid, who had a bad breast augmentation leaving horrible scars and also having lumpy liposuction. For a woman, like Reid, in their early thirties, there is no reason to surgic ally change one’s self so much. We will write a custom essay sample on What Beauty Means to Me specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Beauty Means to Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Beauty Means to Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She did however make herself look worse trying to conform to society’s preference. There is such a thing as good plastic surgery, but only to enhance what is already yours and brings out your personality, not make you someone completely different. If we, society as a whole, could grasp the concept that beauty is different for all women; it comes in every shape, form, and color. If more celebrities could make peace with themselves then maybe normal everyday women could learn to also respect who they are and love themselves for what they have been given. Not every woman can be a size four, large breasts, tall, tan, perfect face or whatever the case may be. Each woman should look at themselves and know they are beautiful, not what is beautiful to some individuals. It’s so unhealthy to do such drastic things to their bodies, like repeatedly plastic surgery, yo-yo dieting, and trying â€Å"new† things doctors come up. I think if the media could help us change then more woman could be happy with who they naturally are.

Essay Comprehensive Nursing Care

Essay Comprehensive Nursing Care Essay Comprehensive Nursing Care Comprehensive Nursing Care Within this essay I will discuss what is meant by healthy living and the perception of health and its impact on the life of a specific patient who I have cared for within a hospital setting. When we think of being healthy we often tend to look at the physical aspects, but being healthy is about the person as a whole, their mind and body which often extends to the whole community. The term health is therefore complex and has many definitions (Forster et al., 1999). The World Health Organisation (1948) has a popular definition which has not been amended since 1948, ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. This definition can assist the nurse in developing a holistic approach to understanding health. I recently completed a placement at a local trust, and cared for a lady who I thought was appropriate to focus on in relation to her health status as she had had many admissions into hospital over the past 1 2 months. I will refer to this lady as Joan, as a nurse I have a legal, professional and ethical duty to protect all confidential information concerning patients by recognising the privacy of the patient and practice MNC (2008). Joan has had asthma for all of her life, and after contracting TB 2 years ago Joan’s health and state of mind has gradually deteriorated. Joan’s breathing difficulties has caused many admissions into hospital over the past 12 months and consequently has developed MRSA in her sputum. Joan was admitted into a side ward due to her having the MRSA virus. Her condition caused her to become bed bound for the first two days, she found it difficult to move around the room and relied on the nursing staff to assist her with personal hygiene needs. Joan is a very independent woman and having to have someone else to help her made her very anxious. Moore and Woodrow (2004) state that breathless patients can become confused due to anxiety, therefore I had to ensure that Joan was made to feel comfortable and to give the opportunity for her to do as much as possible without causing added breathlessness. Joan was commenced on oxygen therapy; which relieved the symptoms of breathlessness. Administrating oxygen reduces or corrects hypoxia by compensating for the reduced minute volume (Bennett 2003). Bennett et al (2003) state that oxygen can be delivered in a number of ways, it was important to ensure the method chosen was the appropriate device. Joan had a basic o2 mask and it was decided that she would benefit from a mask providing 8 litres of oxygen. The device used for oxygen administration should reflect the patients’ requirements for oxygen as well as being comfortable for the patient to wear (Jevon and Ewens 2001). In helping Joan managing her breathlessness it was important for me to regularly assess Joan’s condition by observing her general appearance, looking for cyanosis, facial flushing and observing posture as this will indicate if the patient is anxious or afraid. Bennett (2003) states that when questioning breathless patients it is important to remember to use closed questions as talking increases breathlessness. As a nurse caring for Joan I played a big part in reviewing, monitoring and supporting her as she struggled with her breathing. It was particularly important to keep regular checks on all of Joan’s vital signs, tachycardia is common because of anxiety and hypoxia and bronchodilatory medications may increase it (Hoskins et al 2000). Most importantly in patients with respiratory related illnesses the nurse must remain calm and reassuring towards the patient, helping them to sit in an upright position to allow lung expansion. Joan has always been a busy lady, working and bringing up her children and then helping with the grandchildren. She regularly went to the shop and is a very house proud lady, enjoying all aspects of cleaning and keeping a good home. The unpredictability factor of an asthma

The French Verb Souhaiter Que Needs the Subjunctive

The French Verb Souhaiter Que Needs the Subjunctive When  souhaiter (to wish or to hope for) precedes a dependent clause beginning with que, the dependent clause uses a subjunctive verb. It joins a long list of other French verbs expressing someones will, an  order, a need, a piece of advice or a desire; they all also need the subjunctive in the que subordinate clause. 'Souhaiter' and 'Souhaiter Que' When used with  que, souhaiter becomes souhaiter que (to hope that), which introduces a dependent clause that uses the French subjunctive.  Souhaiter que is all about the emotion of hoping.  Thus, it fulfills the subjunctives basic requirement  of  expressing actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain.   Ã‚  Je souhaite quil vienne.I hope that he comes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Souhaitons  que tout aille bien.We hope that all goes well.   Ã‚  Il est  Ã‚  souhaiter que...It is to be hoped that... As with souhaiter que, the French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different, as in:   Ã‚  Je veux que tu le fasses.I want you to do it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.It is necessary that we leave. French Verbs and Expressions Similar to 'Souhaiter Que' Here are other verbs and expressions that, like souhaiter que, communicate someones will, an  order, a need, a piece of advice, or a desire. They all require the subjunctive in the dependent clause that  begins with que.  There are many other types of constructions that require the French subjunctive as well, which are listed and explained in the full-on  subjunctivator  (our term). aimer mieux que   to prefer thatcommander que  Ã‚  to order thatdemander que  Ã‚  to ask that (someone do something)dà ©sirer que  Ã‚  to desire thatdonner lordre que  Ã‚  to order thatempà ªcher que*  Ã‚  to prevent (someone from doing something)à ©viter que*  Ã‚  to avoidexiger que  Ã‚  to demand thatil est souhaiter que  Ã‚  it is to be hoped thatil est essentiel que  Ã‚  it is essential thatil est important que  Ã‚  it is important thatil est naturel que  Ã‚  it is natural thatil est nà ©cessaire que  Ã‚  it is necessary thatil est normal que  Ã‚  it is normal thatil est temps que  Ã‚  it is time thatil est urgent que  Ã‚  it is urgent thatil faut que  Ã‚  it is necessary that / we mustil vaut mieux que  Ã‚  it is better thatinterdire que  Ã‚  to forbid thatsopposer que  Ã‚  to oppose thatordonner que  Ã‚  to order thatpermettre que  Ã‚  to permit thatprà ©fà ©rer que  Ã‚  to prefer thatproposer que  Ã‚  to propose thatrecomm ander que  Ã‚  to recommendsouhaiter que  Ã‚  to wish thatsuggà ©rer que  Ã‚  to suggest thattenir ce que  Ã‚  to insist thatvouloir que  Ã‚  to want to *These verbs are followed by the more formal  ne explà ©tif,  in which only ne is used in negations (without pas), as in:   Ã‚  Ãƒâ€°vitez quil ne parte.Prevent him from leaving.

What, if anything, was revolutionary about the Scientific Revolution Essay

What, if anything, was revolutionary about the Scientific Revolution - Essay Example he telescope, the dissection and the new conception of the universe will be used to discuss the causes of the Scientific Revolution as well as illustrate how the Scientific Revolution influenced society then and now. Before the mid-1500s, when the Scientific Revolution is generally agreed to have had its start, ideas regarding medicine, the body and the universe were not based on the same sorts of observations that are available to us today. For those who considered the placement of the earth in relation to the universe, it was understood that the earth was at the center with concentric bands of water, air and fire surrounding it. Surrounding these were further bands of the stellar spheres with Jesus and the saints existing even beyond the outermost stellar sphere. Another conception of the universe, the Ptolemaic Universe, was described as consisting of two spheres, the inner one was the earth and the outer one, the remainder of the universe, revolved around this inner core. These images originating in scientific books on the subject produced in this period help to illustrate the depth to which these ideas, born of Biblical interpretations, were believed. However, touching off the debate that w ould eventually change the world, Copernicus wrote to Pope Paul III regarding his soon-to-be published and revolutionary idea that the earth revolved around the sun rather than the other way around (Copernicus 1543 cited in Levick, 2004: 524). Fearful of the backlash his observations might have on a public firmly entrenched in the idea of being central to the universe, Copernicus was working to gain the support of the Pope by pointing out the purely mathematical means by which he came to his conclusions as well as the support he found for this idea in ancient texts. In this letter, he informs the Pope that it is only by assuming a motion of the earth in addition to the observed motions of the other planets can the universe possibly retain its apparent

Respond for the video david cole interviews dr. franciszek piper Essay

Respond for the video david cole interviews dr. franciszek piper - Essay Example olocaust is a debatable topic, Russians have always opined that Polish, Ukrainians and Russians suffered most, as their propaganda, post-world war, has little mention of Jews. The other part of story, which this tape reveals, deals with the existence of a huge disinfestations complex, where disease caused by lice was combated, using Zyklon B gas. These facts remain unpublicized along with other major evidences of the period which may not serve the purpose of holocaust glorification. In a way, the above chambers were real gas chambers, but the victims were not the inmates, but lice and other insects. The holocaust story has no definite proof, except the eye witness accounts, which could be exaggerated. For example the gas chambers, where the ultimate sacrilege had taken place did comprise of certain areas that never matched with the description of holocaust. These include the marks on walls and floors, indicating their knocking down. In addition, the holes in the floor suggest bathrooms’ existence at the gas chamber, which was never mentioned in the holocaust story. Cole David & Smith Bradley, Interview Transcript, 1992, â€Å"David Cole Interviews Dr. Franciszek Piper, Director, Auschwitz State Museum’, Retrieved on 9th Dec 2010 from:

The Role of African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement Essay

The African American Civil Rights Movement was a series of protests in the United States South from approximately 1955 through 1968. The overall goal of the Civil Rights Movement was to achieve racial equality before the law. Protest tactics were, overall, acts of civil disobedience. Rarely were they ever intended to be violent. From sit-ins to boycotts to marches, the activists involved in the Civil Rights Movement were vigilant and dedicated to the cause without being aggressive. While African-American men seemed to be the leaders in this epic movement, African-American women played a huge role behind the scenes and in the protests. When discussing the American Civil Rights Movement, the names that seem to come up are those of prominent black men. While these men did enormous amounts of good during this movement, there are many women who seem to be poorly represented or credited. Black women had a huge amount of influence during the Civil Rights Movement. While many of the protests and movements were led by men, the women were behind the scenes organizing and promoting and popularizing the ideas themselves. Many women were heavily involved in political organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and many others. Even if they were not directly involved in organizations, however, many black women became informal leaders of movements and/or enthusiastic participants. A few famous example of black women’s involvement are: Citizenship Schools in South Carolina, the Montgomery B us Boycott, And various women’s involvement in political groups and organizations. One of the most influential women i... ...rica? Fannie Lou Hamer and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party." Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. By Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne. Rouse, and Barbara Woods. Vol. 16. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Pub., 1990. 27-37. Print. Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson, and David J. Garrow. The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: the Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 1987. Print. Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: a Radical Democratic Vision. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2003. Print. Standley, Anne. "The Role of Black Women in the Civil Rights Movement." Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. By Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne. Rouse, and Barbara Woods. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Pub., 1990. 183-202. Print.

Analysis of Amores Perros

Analysis of Amores Perros The Urban Environment of Mexico City, As Presented in Amores Perros Amores Perros represents the feature film directorial debut of Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu and was written by Guillermo Arriaga, the craftsman behind such acclained Hollywood successes as 21 Grams and Babel. It is perhaps no surprise then that this pairing, of inspired passion and experienced creativity, resulted in a film that won 52 of the 69 total awards for which it was nominated world-wide, including the Ariel Award for Best Picture from the Mexican Academy of Film and the Critics Week Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival.But it is more than exceptional filmmaking that is responsible for the critical success of this film. Depicting the social and economic stratification of life in modern day Mexico City, Amores Perros exhibits a host of cinematic techniques whose aim is to join form to content in an effort to convey the fractured nature of, and fracturing effects on, the individual a nd the family that life in this particular urban environment creates. The film takes the form of a triptych, (a composition made up of three parts).These three stories represent the three general levels of life in Mexico City. The first story explores what amounts to working class life in Mexico City. It depicts a quality of life determined by and confined within the economic limitations that are a fact of that social sphere. The second story sets itself to convey an upper class life that amounts to little more than a veneer of wealth, while the third story examines both the confined nature and the inherent freedom of the underclass of Mexico City.But, beyond a simple explication of these disparate levels of society in this capital city, the film also strives, by the ways that it intertwines these three stories, to show how these levels of society are both mutually interdependent, and, ultimately, inextricable, one from the other. Story I: The Working Class The first story opens wit h a chaotic car chase, and we’re introduced to one f this story’s two main characters, Octavio, who is driving, and his dog Cofi, who is bloody in the back seat, while Octavio’s friend Jorge desperately attempts to stem the bleeding, as the three flee from gun-toting thugs through the streets of Mexico City. Immediately, the turbulent, life-or-death nature of working class life in this city becomes evident. The chase ends with Octavio barrelling through a red light and plowing into another car. As the story unfolds through flashbacks, we learn that Octavio has decided to give up life as a high school student to enter his dog in the local dogfights.Living at home with his mother, his unstable brother Ramiro, and his brother’s wife Susana and their young infant, Octavio is driven to pursue this illicit activity by his growing infatuation with his brother’s wife, and his desire to run away with Susana and make a life for them. But with no hope that hi s education will bring him a job by which he can support a family, Octavio sees no other choice but to fight his dog for money and hope that his newfound wealth will prove to Susana that he can be the man of a household. His choice here is the clearest summation of the way working class life is depicted in this film.Unable to find a legal avenue to assure a financially stable life, a working class person’s only recourse is to step outside of the law. Octavio’s brother reaches the same conclusion only in a more extreme fashion, as dictated by his sociopathic personality. He moonlights from his job asa supermarket clerk as an armed robber whose crimes eventually get him killed. Prior to that, though, a more subtle indictment of working class life in Mexico City is explored through the burgeoning relationship between Octavio and Susana.Octavio is unable to recognize that he is misreading Susana’s need for the comfort and understanding she is not getting from her hu sband for a reciprocation of his own passion, and so he becomes increasingly attached to the immediate gratification of his desire for connection that Susana represents. Having no reason to hope for the fruitfulness of any long term goals or aspirations, Octavio’s immediate environment has shunt him off into a fixation upon what is immediately attainable—pursuing his brother’s wife and chasing the money and increased social standing that comes with ighting his dog. It comes as no surprise to the viewer, then, that these constraints placed upon him by the particular urban environment in which he lives lead to his downfall. After succeeding wildly through a number of dogfights, Octavio has earned enough money to convince Susana that they can run away together, but he gets greedy and agrees to only last, high-stakes fight against a dog owned by the local gang leader, who has been Octavio’s constant nemesis and antagonist.Octavio descends to his lowest point, though, when at the same meeting where he agrees to this final fight, he contracts with the ringleader of the dogfights to assault his brother, who, as a result, is nearly beaten to death. This choice backfires on Octavio, as Susana is now compelled to flee with her husband, taking with her all the money Octavio and Cofi had won. This shows that working class life in Mexico City often produces in people aims which will only exacerbate their situation. Learning of the betrayal, Octavio is outraged and is forced to scramble together his remaining money to fund the bet of the final fight.At the fight, Cofi once again takes the upper hand against the gang leader’s dog. The thug is prepared for him this time, and pulls out a gun and shoots the dog. As Jorge scrambles to carry the bleeding animal to their car, Octavio lashes out and stabs the gang leader in the gut, initiating the car chase that opens the film. The first story ends on the seminal car crash, and we jump back in tim e again to be introduced to the main characters of the second story, Daniel and Valeria. Story II: Upper Class Life This middle story depicts upper class life in Mexico City in a way that puts its superficiality and frivolousness front and center.If the essence of working class life—its chaotic and dangerous nature—is symbolized by the car chase that opens the film, the fact that the first scene of the second story consists of Valeria, a high fashion model, being interviewed on a morning talk show, pretending to be in a relationship with a soap opera star, is a clear indication of the artificial and cosmetic nature of celebrity life in Mexico City. The problems of the upper class, like those of the working class as explored in the first story, play a central role in the second story, but they are problems of a completely different order.Daniel, a successful magazine editor, is committing adultery with Valeria. Whereas in the first story the father is absent altogether, in this story Daniel’s relative wealth allows him to support both his family and the purchase of an upscale apartment for himself and Valeria. But, as he makes the choice to leave his family for his mistress, the facade of wealth begins to crumble. The veneer-like quality of wealth in Mexico City is conveyed in clear symbolism when, shortly after moving into their new apartment, Valeria puts her foot through the pristine-looking parquet floor.It is conveyed explicitly when, as we learn that it was Valeria who was driving the car Octavio hit in the scene that opened the film and who is now in a wheelchair with a badly fractured leg, Daniel becomes frantic over his financial situation. As it turns out, Valeria had no insurance, and so, between his mortgage, the cost of their new apartment, and Valeria’s medical bills, Daniel begins to doubt his choice to stay with Valeria. But this is where a clear difference between the upper class and the working class, as represented in this film, begins to become obvious.While the actions of the characters in the first story seem almost inevitable due to their economic situation, Daniel’s relative wealth allows him some means of freedom to choose how he is to act. His financial burdens may, and do, create great stress for him, but he has the means to make his decisions upon moral grounds instead of merely upon financial considerations. So whereas Octavio is driven to fight his dog by his need for money in order to possess Susana, Daniel, after flirting with the idea to abandon Valeria and return to his wife, in the end chooses to remain with his new love.He may have revealed his moral weakness by leaving his family in the first place, but he shows some ability to act ethically when he decides to commit himself to his decision to join his life to Valeria’s, instead of leaving her in her time of greatest need. The film conveys this choice as one allowed him, in great part, by his financial situatio n. Story III: El Chivo The third, and final, story explores the life of a member of the upper class, and transigent named El Chivo who works as a hitman for the corrupt police force.Living in squalor with only his dogs as companions, El Chivo represents, by his physical appearance, the decrepit state of members of this class of society in Mexico City. As his story unfolds, though, we learn that his tale is not one of perennial poverty—he is a fallen man. Giving him an origin of normality and respectability conveys the tragic nature of members of this underclass—their current state of abject poverty is a result of flaws in their character. On the contrary, El Chivo left his family to fight in some unnamed ideological quest—he wanted to save the world.Having failed at that, he has fallen in cynicism and exploits the freedom and lack of accountability for his actions that his life on the outskirts of society allows him to become a murderer for hire. His perspective is changed, though, upon seeing the obituary for his wife in the paper. He attends the funeral, slinking on the periphery. When he sees the daughter he chose to leave when she was only a child, he feels compelled to find some measure of redemption that would allow him to become a part of her life again.He gives up his life as a gun-for-hire, bathes and shaves for seemingly the first time in years, and, as he walks off into the proverbial sunset to close the film, the viewer gets a clear sense that El Chivo, contrary to appearances, is the one least constrained by his economic situation. While the characters of the first two stories were driven, in some part, by economic considerations, El Chivo’s greatest desire is to find the moral and ethical ground that would make him worthy of reconnecting with his daughter.While Octavio is driven by immature passion, and Daniel is led by his wandering heart, El Chivo searches for the firm ground of morality upon which to stand. His desi re is only for redemption, and by this desire he is redeemed. Part IV: Greater than the Sum of its Parts Such clear and intricately constructed depictions of the stratified layers of life in Mexico City would amount to little more than three separate stories if they weren’t connected by equally clear and intricate means.The filmmakers were interested not merely in showing these layers in isolation, but in weaving them into a cohesive whole that would mirror the actual situation in this modern city. This is done in several ways, both structurally, and through plot. First, the writer took inspiration for the structure of the film from William Faulkner’s Light in August, which is also told through three loosely connected stories. Amores Perros makes heavy use of flashbacks and flash forwards to intertwine the stories into a single film.The writer also used the technique of hyperlinking, which he exploited in his films 21 Grams and Babel as well. This technique consists of introducing one character slowly, and often mysteriously, over the course of the film, and building up his or her story until it is fully revealed in the final, climatic scenes. This is done with the character El Chivo, and the effect is further enhanced by the director’s choice to shoot the early scenes with El Chivo using a telephoto lens, so that the viewer is kept at a distance from this seminal character.He shows up in each of the first two stories, but it isn’t until it is time to tell his story that the viewer actually is allowed some intimacy with this character. These stories are intertwined through plot as well; namely, through the traumatic experience of the car crash. By the time we get to the third story, we know that it was Octavio who was driving the car responsible for the crash, that it was Valeria who was driving the car that was hit, and that it was El Chivo who was present at the scene to rescue Cofi, who had been left to die on the side of the roa d by the paramedics.As the writer said in the commentary track for the film, â€Å"Crashes are horrible, life-altering events, but they serve to bring people together who otherwise would never have met. † It is trauma that, among other things, connects all three of the layers of society as represented in this film; no one is free from pain. Finally, these three stories are linked thematically. One theme that links all three stories is that of the absentee father. For the working class family, the absence of the father makes no mention—he is just gone.In the second story, we watch as the father decides to leave his family, and in the third, we see the father’s sincere desire to return to his family. This is the most significant emotional arch of the film—the redemption of the father. First, we have the wreckage left behind in the wake of his abandonment, the bitter nature of the brothers Octavio and Ramiro, a pain whose source is buried deep under the surf ace. Then we see the crime being committed, as Daniel leaves his family, and the viewer is allowed to feel the anger and outrage produced by the father’s abandonment, and, more importantly, we can link that pain to its proper cause.Finally, we are positioned within the perspective of the father, El Chivo, and are allowed to feel his own pain and experience the authenticity of his own desire to atone for abandoning his family. It is this progression that, ultimately, drives this film. A theme closer to the surface, and more sentimental in nature, which also connects these three stories, is a love of dogs. Cofi is Octavio’s best friend and is responsible for whatever pleasure his master is able to gain from his surroundings through being forced to participate in dog fighting. The dog Richie is Valeria’s constant companion.He falls into the hole in the floor that Valeria accidently created and is trapped under the floor of the couple’s apartment for the bett er part of their story. With Valeria languishing in the hospital after having suffered a thrombosis, Daniel, in the penultimate scene of the second story, decides to tear up the floor to rescue the dog. As he pulls Richie out of the hole he has created, his is symbolically rescuing his and Valeria’s relationship. Finally, El Chivo’s dogs are his best friends and, until he rediscovers his desire to be with his family, they are the only connection he has left to his humanity.His humanity is put to the test when, after rescuing Cofi from the aftermath of the crash and nursing him back to health, Cofi kills every last one of his dogs. He moves to kill Cofi in retaliation, to act out an impotent and meaningless revenge. But, because he has seen his daughter at his wife’s funeral, his humanity has already begun to awaken and he is compelled to let Cofi live, so that he is there with El Chivo, man and man’s best friend, to walk off into the sunset that brings on the closing credits. In the American release, the film’s title was translated as, â€Å"Love is a bitch. This title is in some ways relevant to the movie—none of the characters manage to find unqualified happiness. But, according to Wikipedia, the director gave an interview to NPR where he expressed dissatisfaction with the use of this English idiom as the title for his film. For him, â€Å"Amores† expresses everything that is good about life, while â€Å"Perros† expresses life’s wretchedness. In this sense, the title could be viewed as meaning, â€Å"Sometimes you win, sometimes you lose,† which captures the highs and lows that each set of characters experiences.

The Meaning of Witchs Cake in the Salem Witch Trials

In seventeenth-century England and New England, it was believed that a witchs cake had the power to reveal whether witchcraft was afflicting a person with symptoms of illness.  Such a cake or biscuit was made with rye flour and the urine of the afflicted person.  The cake was then fed to a dog. If the dog exhibited the same symptoms as the ill person, the presence of witchcraft was proven.  Why a dog?  A dog was believed to be a common familiar associated with the devil.  The dog was then supposed to point to the witches who had afflicted the victim. In Salem Village, in the Massachusetts colony, in 1692, such a witchs cake was key in the first accusations of witchcraft that led to court trials and executions of many who were accused.  The practice was apparently a well-known folk practice in English culture of the time. What Happened? In Salem Village, Massachusetts,  in January of 1692 (by the modern calendar), several girls began behaving erratically.  One of these girls was Elizabeth Parris, known as Betty, who was nine years old at the time.  She was the daughter of the Reverend Samuel Parris, the minister of the Salem Village Church. Another of the girls was Abigail Williams, who was 12 years old and an orphaned niece of Reverend Parris, who lived with the Parris family.  The girls complained of fever and convulsions. The father tried prayer to help them, using the model of Cotton Mather, who had written about curing similar symptoms in another case. He also had the congregation and some other local clergy pray for the girls to cure their affliction.  When prayer did not cure the illness, Reverend Parris brought in another minister, John Hale,  and the local physician, William Griggs, who observed the symptoms in the girls and could find no physical cause. They suggested that witchcraft was involv ed. Whose Idea Was it and Who Made the Cake? A neighbor of the Parris family, Mary Sibley, recommended the making of a witchs cake to reveal whether witchcraft was involved.  She gave directions to John Indian, a slave serving the Parris family, to make the cake.  He collected urine from the girls and then had  Tituba, another slave in the household, actually bake the witchs cake and feed it to the dog that lived in the Parris household. (Both Tituba and John Indian were slaves brought to Massachusetts Bay Colony by Reverend Parris from Barbados.) Even though the attempted diagnosis revealed nothing, Reverend Parris denounced in church the use of this magic. He said it didnt matter if it had been done with good intentions,  calling it going to the devil for help against the devil.  Mary Sibley, according to church records, was suspended from communion. Her good standing was restored when she confessed before the congregation, and the people of the congregation raised their hands to show they were satisfied with her confession. Mary Sibley then disappears from the records about the trials, though Tituba and the girls figure prominently. The girls ended up naming those they accused of witchcraft.  The first accused were Tituba and two local girls, Sarah Good and Sarah Osbourne.  Sarah Osbourne later died in prison, and Sarah Good was executed in July.  Tituba confessed to witchcraft, so she was exempted from execution, and she later turned accuser. By the end of the trials early the following year, four accused witches had died in prison, one had been pressed to death, and nineteen were hanged. What Really Afflicted the Girls? Scholars generally agree that the accusations were rooted in a community hysteria, primed by belief in the supernatural.  Politics within the church likely played a part, with Reverend Parris at the center of a controversy regarding power and compensation.  Politics in the colony likely also played a part: It was an unstable historical period.  Some historians point to some long-standing squabbles among community members as some of the underlying problems that fueled the trials. All these factors are credited by many historians as playing a part in the unfolding of the accusations and trials.  A few historians have also argued that grain that had been contaminated with a fungus called ergot may have caused some of the symptoms.